Addressing the shortage of health professionals in rural China: issues and progress Comment on “Have health human resources become more equal between rural and urban areas after the new reform?”

Maldistribution of health professionals between urban and rural areas has been a serious problem in China. Urban hospitals attract most of the health professionals with serious shortages in rural areas. To address this issue, a number of policies have been implemented by the government, such as free medical education in exchange for obligatory rural service

Benzene-1,3,5-tricarb­oxy­lic acid–5-(4-pyrid­yl)pyrimidine (1/1)

In the pyrimidine mol­ecule of the title compound, C9H7N3·C9H6O6, the pyridine ring is oriented at 33.26 (11)° with respect to the pyrimidine ring. In the benzene-1,3,5-tricarb­oxy­lic acid mol­ecule, the three carb­oxy groups are twisted by 7.92 (9), 8.68 (10) and 17.07 (10)° relative to the benzene ring. Classical O—H⋯N and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and weak C—H⋯O and C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds occur in the crystal structure

General formula for the four-quark condensate and vacuum factorization assumption

By differentiating the dressed quark propagator with respect to a variable background field, the linear response of the dressed quark propagator in the presence of the background field can be obtained. From this general method, using the vector background field as an illustration, we derive a general formula for the four-quark condensate $<{\tilde 0}|:{\bar q}(0)\gamma_\mu q(0){\bar q}(0)\gamma_\mu q(0):|{\tilde 0}>$. This formula contains the corresponding fully dressed vector vertex and it is shown that factorization for $<{\tilde 0}|:{\bar q}(0)\gamma_\mu q(0){\bar q}(0)\gamma_\mu q(0):| {\tilde 0}>$ holds only when the dressed vertex is taken to be the bare one. This property also holds for all other type of four-quark condensate.Comment: Revtex4, 11 pages, no figure

Nucleation in scale-free networks

We have studied nucleation dynamics of the Ising model in scale-free networks with degree distribution $P(k)\sim k^{-\gamma}$ by using forward flux sampling method, focusing on how the network topology would influence the nucleation rate and pathway. For homogeneous nucleation, the new phase clusters grow from those nodes with smaller degree, while the cluster sizes follow a power-law distribution. Interestingly, we find that the nucleation rate $R_{Hom}$ decays exponentially with the network size $N$, and accordingly the critical nucleus size increases linearly with $N$, implying that homogeneous nucleation is not relevant in the thermodynamic limit. These observations are robust to the change of $\gamma$ and also present in random networks. In addition, we have also studied the dynamics of heterogeneous nucleation, wherein $w$ impurities are initially added, either to randomly selected nodes or to targeted ones with largest degrees. We find that targeted impurities can enhance the nucleation rate $R_{Het}$ much more sharply than random ones. Moreover, $\ln (R_{Het}/R_{Hom})$ scales as $w^{\gamma-2/\gamma-1}$ and $w$ for targeted and random impurities, respectively. A simple mean field analysis is also present to qualitatively illustrate above simulation results.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure

Exploration of Treatment in Patients with T3 Rectal Cancer with EMVI

To explore the clinical efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, combined with surgery and direct surgery in patients with stage T3 rectal cancer combined with EMVI. Method: The clinical data of patients with extragastrointestinal middle and low rectal cancer in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2015 to May 2019 were retrospective reviewed, including 59 patients in the neoadjuvant treatment group (neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy + surgical treatment) and 71 patients in the direct surgery group. Both groups underwent total rectal total membrane resection. Data and Methods:The concurrent chemotherapy regimens were all included in the XELOX regimen. The RT was performed by IMRT with D T 45 to 50.4 G y, from 1.8 to 2.0 G y each, for 25 to 28 sessions. Perioperative conditions, postoperative pathology and follow-up of the two groups were observed. Results: There was no significant difference in postoperative conditions (gastrointestinal function recovery time, postoperative drainage drainage, postoperative time of drainage removal) between the neoadjuvant treatment group and the direct surgery group (P&gt; 0. 05); The length of postoperative hospital stay was significantly different (P &lt;0.05); No significant operation time occurred between the neoadjuvant treatment group (264 min vs. 239 min) and the surgical group, (P&gt; 0. 05)；The amount of intraoperative bleeding (85.7ml vs.110.0 ml), the number of lymph node dissection (11 vs. 13), the lymph node positive rate (27.12% vs.43.6%) betweenthe neoadjuvant treatment group and the direct surgery group had statistical significant (P＜0. 05); The 3-yearrecurrence-free survival (93.2 %) rate was higher in the neoadjuvant treatment group than in the direct surgery group (74.6 %), which was significant (P &lt;0.05); The 3-year survival rate (98.30,% vs. 85.9 %) was significantly significant (P &lt;0.05); There was no significant difference in the anal preservation rate (71.19% vs. 80.28%) (P&gt; 0. 05). Conclusion: The neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy improves the recurrence-free survival rate of locally advanced rectal cancer, and has no obvious effect on the postoperative complications rate, anal preservation rate and gastrointestinal function recovery